Everything about Parliament Of Romania totally explained
The
Parliament of Romania is made up of two chambers:
Prior to the modifications of the
Constitution in
2003, the two houses had identical attributes. A text of a law had to be approved by both houses. If the text differed, a special commission (
comisie de mediere) was formed by deputies and senators, that "negotiated" between the two houses the form of the future law. The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of the
Parliament. After the
2003 referendum, a law still has to be approved by both houses, but in some matters one is "superior" to the other, being called "decision chamber" (
"cameră decizională").
History
The parliamentary history of Romania starts in
Wallachia, where a
constitutional document was adopted, the
Regulamentul Organic ("Organic Statute" or "Organic Regulation"); a year later, this same statute was implemented in
Moldavia as well. The organic regulation laid the foundations for the parliamentary institution in the Romanian Principalities.
The
Paris Convention, (
19 August 1858)
(External Link
) and, especially, the Statutului Dezvoltător ("Statutes of Development") of that convention (which introduced a
bicameral parliament, by founding the
Corpul Ponderator, later renamed
Senat), adopted on the initiative of prince (
Domnitor)
Alexandru Ioan Cuza, by means of a
plebiscite in 1864, perfected and enlarged the principle of national representation. Under the political regime established by the Paris Convention, the legislative power faced an obvious process of modernization, and the legislative power as National Representation, which operated in accordance with the organization and operation mode of parliaments in
Western Europe at that time.
The historical process of formation of the Parliament of Romania in the modern age strongly boosted the affirmation of national
sovereignty, subsequently leading to the
Union of the two Principalities, in 1859. Under the dome of the Romanian Parliament, on
10 May 1877, the Declaration of Romania's Independence was read, and, in 1920, the documents of union with
Transylvania and
Bessarabia under the
Treaty of Trianon were read, the formal beginning of
Greater Romania.
In February 1938, amid the rather chaotic European political association that eventually led to
World War II, King
Carol II, who always tended to favor his own personal rule over parliamentarism, imposed a rule of
authoritarian monarchy. Under the royal
dictatorship, the parliament became merely a decorative body, deprived of its main attributes.
Carol abdicated in September 1940, and the succeeding
fascist National Legionary State suspended parliament. The National Legionary State as such lasted less than five months, but it was succeeded by
Ion Antonescu's military dictatorship, and parliament remained suspended. After
23 August 1944, under the pressure of
Soviet and other
communist forces, the parliament was re-organized as a
single legislative body, the
Assembly of Deputies, changed under the 1948 constitution, into the
Great National Assembly, a merely formal body, totally subordinate to the power of the
Romanian Communist Party.
The
Romanian Revolution of December 1989 opened the road for Romanians to restore authentic
pluralistic electoral democracy, respecting
human rights, and observing the
separation of powers and the rulers' responsibility before representative bodies. Thanks to the documents issued by the provisional revolutionary power, Romania has returned to a bicameral parliamentary system. All these stipulations can be found in the country's new
Constitution, approved by
referendum in
1991.
During more than a decade of
post-communist transition, the
Chamber of Deputies and
Senate debated and adopted numerous laws and regulations aimed at reforming the entire society on a democratic basis, guaranteeing respect of fundamental human rights, promoting reform and privatization, consolidating market economic institutions and those of a state ruled by law, which led to Romania's integration into such institutions at
NATO and the
European Union.
Functioning
Prior to the modifications of the
Constitution in
2003, the two houses had identical attributes. A text of a law had to be approved by both houses. If the text differed, a special commission (
comisie de mediere) was formed by deputies and senators, that "negotiated" between the two houses the form of the future law. The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of the
Parliament. This
French procedure proved to be extremely long and inefficient with respect to the expectations of the
Romanians towards
democracy. After the
2003 referendum, a law still has to be approved by both houses, but in some matters one is "superior" to the other, being called "decision chamber" (
"cameră decizională"). This eliminates the process of "negotiation" between the two houses, and keeps the
Senate as the
upper house and the
Chamber as the
lower house.
Further Information
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